Yes.
The null hypothesis is that there is no change in the population mean while the alternative hypothesis is that there is a change in the mean. The null hypothesis is stated as Ho:Mu=? in statistics while the alternative hypothesis is stated as Ho:Mu(<,>,≠)? depending on whether you are looking for mu to be greater, less than, or not equal to population mean.
From Triola, 2009, it is: "The null hypothesis (dented by H0) is a statement that the value of a population parameter (such as proportion, mean, or standard deviation) is equal to some claimed value.".
Hypothesis
Your question is a bit difficult to understand. I will rephrase: In hypothesis testing, when the sample mean is close to the assumed mean of the population (null hypotheses), what does that tell you? Answer: For a given sample size n and an alpha value, the closer the calculated mean is to the assumed mean of the population, the higher chance that null hypothesis will not be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
Many of the quantitative techniques fall into two broad categories: # Interval estimation # Hypothesis tests Interval Estimates It is common in statistics to estimate a parameter from a sample of data. The value of the parameter using all of the possible data, not just the sample data, is called the population parameter or true value of the parameter. An estimate of the true parameter value is made using the sample data. This is called a point estimate or a sample estimate. For example, the most commonly used measure of location is the mean. The population, or true, mean is the sum of all the members of the given population divided by the number of members in the population. As it is typically impractical to measure every member of the population, a random sample is drawn from the population. The sample mean is calculated by summing the values in the sample and dividing by the number of values in the sample. This sample mean is then used as the point estimate of the population mean. Interval estimates expand on point estimates by incorporating the uncertainty of the point estimate. In the example for the mean above, different samples from the same population will generate different values for the sample mean. An interval estimate quantifies this uncertainty in the sample estimate by computing lower and upper values of an interval which will, with a given level of confidence (i.e., probability), contain the population parameter. Hypothesis Tests Hypothesis tests also address the uncertainty of the sample estimate. However, instead of providing an interval, a hypothesis test attempts to refute a specific claim about a population parameter based on the sample data. For example, the hypothesis might be one of the following: * the population mean is equal to 10 * the population standard deviation is equal to 5 * the means from two populations are equal * the standard deviations from 5 populations are equal To reject a hypothesis is to conclude that it is false. However, to accept a hypothesis does not mean that it is true, only that we do not have evidence to believe otherwise. Thus hypothesis tests are usually stated in terms of both a condition that is doubted (null hypothesis) and a condition that is believed (alternative hypothesis). Website--http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda35.htmP.s "Just giving info on what you don't know" - ;) Sillypinkjade----
It depends on whether the hypothesis concerns the mean or the standard error (or variance) or something else.
The term hypothesis is used in science and statistics. I have included two links related to the these terms.In statistics, the null and alternative hypothesis are mathematical statements used in statistical decision making. An example of a null hypothesis is the mean of the population from which a sample was obtained is equal to 10. The mean of the data is sufficiently different from 10 can be used to reject the null hypothesis.As used in science, hypothesis is the initial idea suggested by observation or preliminary experimentation. See related links.
You can calculate a result that is somehow related to the mean, based on the data available. Provided that you can work out its distribution under the null hypothesis against appropriate alternatives, you have a test statistic.
The answer depends on what character is used for the variable that is used for the population values.
It is a rare to have an unknown population mean and a known population variance
The null hypothesis could be that the 40 students are a sample from the same (or similar) population.
The mean of the sampling distribution is the population mean.