Yes, but only if the argument of the sine function is in radians.
A function that depends on the value of an angle. One way to define it is with a unit circle (a circle with center in the coordinate origin, and radius of 1). To the right is zero, from there, a positive angle is counterclockwise. In this case, the sine is simply the y-coordinate, and the cosine is the x-coordinate of the point on the circle where the ray of the angle crosses the circle. The value of the sine (and cosine) obviously depends on the angle - that's why it is considered a "function". Sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecans, and secans can also be defined via right triangles; for more details see here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine#Sine.2C_cosine_and_tangent
Knowing two points on a circle does not define a unique circle, so it is impossible to find the centre of the circle as there are infinitely many centres possible.
Circle
A semi-circle
In order to fully understand what the radius of a given circle is, you must know the diameter. The diameter is the distance across the circle through the center. The radius of a circle is half the diameter. For example, if the diameter of a circle is 8 inches, then the radius would be 4 inches.
The circumference of a circle is the distance around it.
A function that depends on the value of an angle. One way to define it is with a unit circle (a circle with center in the coordinate origin, and radius of 1). To the right is zero, from there, a positive angle is counterclockwise. In this case, the sine is simply the y-coordinate, and the cosine is the x-coordinate of the point on the circle where the ray of the angle crosses the circle. The value of the sine (and cosine) obviously depends on the angle - that's why it is considered a "function". Sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, cosecans, and secans can also be defined via right triangles; for more details see here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine#Sine.2C_cosine_and_tangent
It doesn't really. Depending on the exact value of the argument, the cosine function can give both positive and negative results, for a negative argument. As to "why" the sine, or cosine, functions have certain values, just look at the function definition. Take points on a unit circle. The sine represents the y-coordinate for any point on the circle, while the cosine represents the x-coordinate for such a point. (There are also other ways to define the sine and the cosine functions.)
Knowing two points on a circle does not define a unique circle, so it is impossible to find the centre of the circle as there are infinitely many centres possible.
Circle
The two points and the centre of the earth define a plane, and the intersection of this plane with the surface of the earth is a circle - the "Great Circle". The shortest distance between the two points is the smaller of the two arcs on this circle.
Distance is a function of displacement. You need to define the origininal position and the present position. The difference between them is the displacement, the distance is the measure (using accepted units) of the difference between the two.
A semi-circle
No. Functions should be defined separately. So you would not define a function within a function. You can define one function, and while defining another function, you can call the first function from its code.
In order to fully understand what the radius of a given circle is, you must know the diameter. The diameter is the distance across the circle through the center. The radius of a circle is half the diameter. For example, if the diameter of a circle is 8 inches, then the radius would be 4 inches.
The conditions define a region in the plane.
Define the function of the preceding components in a network?