The two points and the centre of the earth define a plane, and the intersection of this plane with the surface of the earth is a circle - the "Great Circle". The shortest distance between the two points is the smaller of the two arcs on this circle.
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407,000 kmThe distance between the Moon and the Earth varies from around 356,400 km to 406,700 km at the extreme perigees (closest) and apogees (farthest).
The distance from Earth is about 6,500 light years (2000 parsecs).
Depending on where Mercury is relative to the Earth as the two planets orbit the sun, the distance from Mercury to Earth varies from 77.3x106km to 221.9x106km.
The earth's escape velocity is approx 25,000 miles per hour so at 70 mph you would ot be able to leave earth!Space rockets do not travel in a straight line. Instead, they first orbit the earth and then use a kind of sling-shot effect to travel across space. The distance travelled, therefore bears little relation to the distance between the earth and the moon.However, a journey as long as the earth-moon distance, at 70 mph, would take a little over 142 days.
A kilometre is quite a long unit of measurement. For this reason you would use it to measure large things on earth. For example:The distance between citiesThe length of a coastlineHow far a train journey is