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Suppose there exists some rectangle whose center is the point (x,y) = (0,0) with a given perimeter P and that we'd like to find the dimensions which maximize its area. The method we will use is called Lagrange Multipliers.

Then f(x,y) = P = 4x + 4y and g(x,y) A = xy.

(fx, fy) = L(gx, gy) (for some constant L which exists on the set of real numbers)

(4, 4) = L(y,x)

(4, 4) = (Ly, Lx)

But then Lx = 4 = Ly which yields Lx = Ly and x = y. Therefore when the area is maximized, the x component equals the y component. Furthermore, a rectangle centered at (0,0) whose corner falls on some point (x,y) at which x = y is a square.

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Q: Show that the rectangle of maximum area for given perimeter P is always a square?
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