Johann Heinrich Lambert, however, Johann was Swiss, not French.
An Indian mathematician by the name of Arya Bhatta discovered the number zero.
Probably the ancient Egyptians who discovered that the diagonal of a unit square was not a rational number. And then discovered other such numbers.
This kind of number is called "irrational", meaning (to a mathematician!) "not a ratio."
Type your answer here...square root of two or pie ?
Charles Hermite was the 19th century French mathematician who developed the method to prove that pi is a transcendental number.
The reason nobody knows his name is that he was wrong. The square roots of 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, ... etc. are rational numbers.
William Shanks is not known to have created any number - rational or irrational. He did calculate pi to a greater degree of accuracy then previously but the number pi had been discovered around 4 thousand years before Shanks. Therefore it can hardly be said that he discovered it.
An irrational number.
Irrational numbers have been known since very early times. For example, it was recognised that the length of the diagonal of a unit square was not a rational number. There is, therefore, no specific date.
Pi is the value of a circle's circumference divided by its diameter and its true value has never been discovered because it is an irrational number
The sum of a rational and irrational number must be an irrational number.
No. The sum of an irrational number and any other [real] number is irrational.