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The odds of rolling any number in one roll of one die is 1 in 1. The odds of rolling the same number in one roll of one die is 1 in 6. Each die is unrelated, so the odds of rolling a pair using two dice in one roll is 1 in 1 times 1 in 6, or 1 in 6.

Now, look at the second pair of dice. The odds of rolling any number other than a number on the first pair is 5 in 6. The odds of rolling the same number in one roll of one die is 1 in 6. Each die is unrelated, so the odds of rolling a pair using two dice in one roll, not the pair in the first roll is 5 in 6 times 1 in 6, or 5 in 36.

Now, look at the third pair of dice. The odds of rolling any number other than a number on the first two pairs is 4 in 6. The odds of rolling the same number in one roll of one die is 1 in 6. Each die is unrelated, so the odds of rolling a pair using two dice in one roll, not one of the first two pairs is 4 in 6 times 1 in 6, or 4 in 36.

To compute the total odds of rolling three pairs of numbers using 6 dice, simply multiply these odds together. That is 1 in 6 times 5 in 36 times 4 in 36, or 30 in 7776. Reducing that to lowest common fraction, you get 5 in 1296.

(This calculation assumes that the three pairs are different. If two or three of the pairs are allowed to be the same, the computation is different.)

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Q: What are the odds of rolling any three pair of numbers using 6 dice?
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