Galileo did not directly provide evidence for the heliocentric principle but he did discover important evidence that raised doubts about the Ptolemaic system with the Earth at the centre.
First, he discovered the moons of Jupiter, and these were the first objects discovered that definitely orbited round something that was not the Earth. That was one thing.
Secondly, he discovered that Venus has a gibbous phase when seen from Earth in certain positions in its orbit. This is not explained by the Ptolemaic system because Venus cannot go round behind the Sun in the Ptolemaic system.
Again this did not prove the heliocentric principle because Tycho Brahe came up with an intermediate system that had Mercury and Venus orbiting round the Sun, and then the Sun and the other planets orbit round the Earth. So this was still a geocentric system that explained all Venus's phases.
Therefore Galileo did not have enough evidence to prove the heliocentric principle, and after his trial he recanted.
But 60-70 years later enough new evidence had been gathered to convince most people that the Sun is at the centre, as we believe now.
Galileo played the lute.
By looking into space with the telescope.
The telescope
Galileo's support for the heliocentric theory (note that this is Copernicus's theory, not Galileo's) got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1633 the Inquisition convicted him of heresy and forced him to recant (publicly withdraw) his support of Copernicus. They sentenced him to life imprisonment, but because of his advanced age allowed him serve his term under house arrest at his villa in Arcetri outside of Florence.
Galileo challenged church teachings by saying that the heliocentric model of the universe was trueThe Catholic Church charged him with heresy. Due to his support of the heliocentric or sun centered theory. Which directly opposed the Church accepted theory that the sun and planets revolved around the earth.
Galileo played the lute.
The Jovian moons. Galileo had little evidence for the heliocentric theory, which was later (in the 18th century) generally accepted as correct after the laws of motion and the law of gravity showed that the Sun is by far the most massive object in the solar system and therefore must be at the centre. Galileo did not have the other major piece of evidence supporting the heliocentric theory, which is the parallax shown by relatively close stars as the Earth moves round its orbit. Parallax is extremely small and was impossible to observe in Galileo's time, and this was used to support the idea that the Earth is at the centre. Bessel made the first measurements of parallax in the 19th century.
By looking into space with the telescope.
The telescope
Galileo
Venus goes through phases similar to those of Earth's moon.#1Direction
Galileo's observations with his telescope supported the concept of heliocentricism. He noted that the satellites of Jupiter and Venus, based on their range of phases, did not match geocentricism supported by Ptolemy. He noted that based on these findings, that the Heliocentric theory was correct.
Galileo's support for the heliocentric theory (note that this is Copernicus's theory, not Galileo's) got him into trouble with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1633 the Inquisition convicted him of heresy and forced him to recant (publicly withdraw) his support of Copernicus. They sentenced him to life imprisonment, but because of his advanced age allowed him serve his term under house arrest at his villa in Arcetri outside of Florence.
Galileo Galilei . He only helped support the theory through his observations , he didn't invent the model, Copernicus did.
Galileo challenged church teachings by saying that the heliocentric model of the universe was trueThe Catholic Church charged him with heresy. Due to his support of the heliocentric or sun centered theory. Which directly opposed the Church accepted theory that the sun and planets revolved around the earth.
The Bible is written from an implicitly geocentric viewpoint, so if we take the Bible as the ultimate authority on everything, then it would be wrong to come to other conclusions such as the heliocentric theory, merely by observing the way the universe actually is. Incidentally, although Galileo did support the heliocentric theory, it was originally proposed by Copernicus. It isn't Galileo's model. Galileo did contribute to this theory with his astronomical observations, however.
The church had been using the geocentric Aristotelian theory for many decades and the heliocentric theory challenged what they believed to be a system that worked in tandem with scripture. Galileo staunchly believed in the heliocentric theory so he struck a deal with Pope Urban VIII. Galileo could discuss heliocentric theory, but only so long at it was a hypothetical discussion. When Galileo wrote Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems, not only was it apparent that he was not discussing hypothetically, but he made the Pope look stupid. Galileo was put on trial for his actions, because he recanted what he said and basically apologized, he was put on house arrest for the rest of his life. He was lucky because Giorgio Bruno was burned at the stake for challenging the dominant beliefs of the church.