physics and math at the same time According to Morris Kline, Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, Oxford University Press New York, 1972, trigonometry was first developed in connection with astronomy, with applications to navigation and construction of calendars. This was around 2000 years ago. Geometry is much older, and trigonometry built upon geometry.
Physics, aeronautics, and astronomy all rely heavily on trigonometry.
There is no direct relationship. Trigonometry can be used in criminology as can many branches of mathematics and of science.
Thales
Trigonometry is used effectively in electronics.
Triangles are an important part of mathematics (there is a whole branch of mathematics devoted to the study of triangles, called trigonometry) and mathematics is the language of science.
Trigonometry is used in the fields of design, music, navigation, cartography, manufacturing, physics, optics, projectile motion, and any other field which involves angles, fields, waves, harmonics, and vectors.
In construction, Trigonometry is used to show how stress and force are directed along supports which are not vertical or horizontal. It is alos used to find the lengths of such components of a building, as well as the angles between parts.
Trigonometry was first used by the ancient Babylonians and Egyptians. Babylonians used it primarily in their astronomical calculations and there is some debate over whether this was actually trigonometry or some other form of calculation. However, the Egyptians did use a primitive form of trigonometry while building the pyramids. A scribe known as Ahmes actually performed a trigonometric solution in his "The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus"
Science was first used 1856
I am a retired math/science teacher. I used trig every day to teach students.
Trigonometry is a mathematical tool that is part of various other forms of mathematics and is used in all sorts of science and engineering; for example, the sine function in trigonometry turns out to be applicable to sine waves that are formed by alternating electrical currents which are used to power your computer which is the basic tool that you use in information technology.
It is certainly used in calculus, just as calculus can be used in trigonometry.