There is no direct relationship. Trigonometry can be used in criminology as can many branches of mathematics and of science.
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The uses of Sin, Cos etc. in Maths is in relation to Trigonometry. Trigonometry is the study of the relationship between angles and lengths of triangles.
The basic principle of trigonometry is that there are mathematical relationships between the sides and angles of a triangle.
Trigonometry is specificly the study of a right triangle. For example, what is the cosine? Geometry is the study on shapes.
Trigonometry is the study of plane and spherical triangles. Plane trigonometry deals with 2 Dimensional triangles like the ones you would draw on a piece of paper. But, spherical trigonometry deals with circles and 3 Dimensional triangles. Plane trigonometry uses different numbers and equations than spherical trigonometry. There's plane trigonometry, where you work with triangles on a flat surface, then there's spherical trigonometry, where you work with triangles on a sphere.
Hipparchus is the father of trigonometry and he was a Greek astronomer who lived between 190-120 B.C. He is considered as the father of trigonometry, a branch of mathematics which studies the angles of sides of triangles. :)