Nothing actually happens! You just get a value that is very unlikely but still possible. That it is possible is evidenced by the fact that the value was observed.
It goes up.
The two distributions are symmetrical about the same point (the mean). The distribution where the sd is larger will be more flattened - with a lower peak and more spread out.
The absolute value of the standard score becomes smaller.
The probability of whatever it was that happens.
The statistics of the population aren't supposed to depend on the sample size. If they do, that just means that at least one of the samples doesn't accurately represent the population. Maybe both.
It goes up.
The standard deviation is used in the numerator of the margin of error calculation. As the standard deviation increases, the margin of error increases; therefore the confidence interval width increases. So, the confidence interval gets wider.
The two distributions are symmetrical about the same point (the mean). The distribution where the sd is larger will be more flattened - with a lower peak and more spread out.
The standardised score decreases.
Not a lot. After all, the sample sd is an estimate for the population sd.
The absolute value of the standard score becomes smaller.
decreases
This depends on what information you have. If you know the success probability and the total number of observations, you can use the given formulas. Most of the time, this is the case. If you have data or experience which allow you to estimate the parameters, it may sometimes happen that you work like this. This mostly happens when n is very large and p very small which results in an approximation with the Poisson distribution.
As the value of k, the degrees of freedom increases, the (chisq - k)/sqrt(2k) approaches the standard normal distribution.
The probability of whatever it was that happens.
It is the expected value of the distribution. It also happens to be the mode and median.It is the expected value of the distribution. It also happens to be the mode and median.It is the expected value of the distribution. It also happens to be the mode and median.It is the expected value of the distribution. It also happens to be the mode and median.
The distribution of resources among the population was not equitable, leading to disparities in access to education and healthcare.