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So to start off, set each number equal to a variable. (In this case, I will use x= 1st number and y= 2nd number)

Since the sum of the two numbers is K...

x+y=K

Therefore

y=K-x

And the sum of their squares is a minimum...

x^2+y^2=MINIMUM

Therefore

= x^2+(K-x)^2

So to simplify...

=2x^2+2Kx+K^2

Factor out the coefficient of 2 from the first two terms and complete the square

=2(x^2+Kx+(Kx/2)^2-(Kx/2)^2)+K^2

=2(x+(Kx/2)^2)^2-Kx^2+K^2

So the minimum value = -Kx^2+K^2

and x = -(Kx/2)^2

Hopefully that helps, but it is much easier to follow using real numbers (instead of generalizing >>>)

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Q: What is the minimum value of the sum of their squares if the sum of two numbers is K?
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