xix+xiv+xcix=cxxxii
19+14+99=132
Improved Answer:-
Todays rules governing the Roman numeral system were introduced during the Middle Ages and they differed in many respects to how the Romans actually notated and calculated these numerals themselves.
But notwithstanding todays configuration of Roman numerals inasmuch that there is evidence to suggest that the ancient Romanswould have probably calculated the equivalent of 19, 14 and 99 in either of the fllowing formats:-
IXX+IXV = XXXIII => (20-1)+(15-1) = 33
XXXIII+IC = CXXXII => 33+(100-1) = 132
Alternatively:-
XVIIII+XIIII = XXXIII => 19+14 = 33
XXXIII+LXXXXVIIII = CXXXII => 33+99 = 132
Note that: 5*I = V, 2*V = X, 5*X = L and 2*L = 100
Roman numerals: C = 100, L =50, X = 10, V = 5 and I = 1
QED
MMXIIII as the alternate (on clocks for example) version of number 4 is IIII
In today's modern notation it is: (CMXCIX)CMXCIX Numerals in brackets indicate multiplication by a thousand. So: 999*1000+999 = 999,999 However, the Romans themselves would have probably calculated this number out on a abacus counting device as (DCCCCLXXXXVIIII)DCCCCLXXXXVIIII which can be simplified to I(M) in the same way that the numerals VIIII and XXXX (9 and 40) are simplified to IX and XL respectively. The way we write out Roman numerals today is different to the way that the Romans actually did themselves because today's rules governing the Roman numeral system were introduced during the Middle Ages and that was centuries after the decline of the Roman Empire. Evidence can still be found today in medieval manuscripts, on ancient monuments and buildings giving details of how these numerals were once written the most famous of these buildings being the Coliseum in Rome.
Today we would write out 69 in Roman numerals as LXIX but during the Roman era it was calculated as LXVIIII and by placing I to both sides of these numerals was probably simplified to ILXX (-1+70 = 69) in written form which made multiplication a lot easier because:- -I*ILXX = +I -LXX L*ILXX = -L+MMMD X*ILXX = -X+DCC X*ILXX = -X+DCC Calculation: MMMMDCCCCI - CXXXX = MMMMDCCLXI or as (IV)DCCLXI which are both the eqivalent of 4761 Remember that a minus number multiplied by a minus number produces a positive number. So -I*-I = I Roman numerals: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5 and I=1
19 expressed in ancient Roman numerals once were XVIIII 19 expressed in ancient abridged Roman numerals once were IXX 19 expressed in todays modern usage of Roman numerals are now XIX XVIIII translated into Latin is novemdecim meaning 19 IXX translated into Latin is undeviginti meaning 1 from 20 XIX translated into Latin doesn't exist Todays rules governing the ancient Roman numeral system had nothing to do with the Romans themselves because they were conceived, compiled and introduced during the Middle Ages.
MCMXCIX From left to right [ M ] [ CM ] [ XC ] [ 1X ] [1000] + [1000 - 100] + [100 -10] + [ 10 -1] 1000 + 900 + 90 + 9 =1999 M = 1000 C = 100 X = 10 1 = 1
MMXIIII as the alternate (on clocks for example) version of number 4 is IIII
Today we write out 1999 in Roman numerals as MCMXCIX because of changes made to the rules governing the Roman numeral system during the Middle Ages and to add these numerals to MDCCLXXVI is almost impossible. But the Romans themselves would have calculated 1999 on an abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and probably simplified them to IMM by placing I to both sides of the numerals. So: MDCCLXXVI + (-I+MM) = MMMDCCLXXV (3775)
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In today's terms 1999 and 1776 expressed in Roman numerals are MCMXCIX and MDCCLXXVI respectively. To find the difference of these numerals is almost impossible because of the way that 1999 is expressed despite the fact that 1776 is correct. But the Romans would have probably expressed these numbers in the following manner IMM and MDCCLXXVI. IMM is a simplification of MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII So: MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII - MDCCLXXVI = CCXXIII (223) by cancelling out the numerals. Check: MDCCLXXVI + CCXXIII = MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII = IMM when simplified The way we work out Roman numerals today is different in the way that the Romans actually did themselves because the rules governing the Roman numeral system were changed in the Middle Ages. Presumably to make it easier to convert Roman numerals into Hindu-Arabic numerals that were gradually being introduced into Western Europe.
The Rupee is calculated by the price raises of the Indian Rupee compared to the American Dollar. This is then calculated with a formula, giving the rate.
Today we would write out 1999 in Roman numerals as MCMXCIX which makes addition with LI (51) in some kind of logical progression almost impossible. But the Romans themselves in the past would have calculated the equivalent of 1999 on an abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and probably simplified it to IMM in written form which makes addition straightforward as follows:- IMM+LI = MML (-1+2000)+(50+1) = 2050 Alternatively:- MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII+LI = MML (1999+51 = 2050)
Under today's terms of expressing Roman numerals the equivalent of 49 and 99 in Roman numerals are XLIX and XCIX respectively which makes any form of arithmetical operations with them difficult if not impossible. But the Romans probably calculated 49 as XXXXVIIII and simplified it to IL in written form. Likewise 99 was probably calculated as LXXXXVIIII and simplified to IC in written form thus making subtraction simple and straightforward as follows:- IC-IL = L (99-49 = 50) Remember that a minus minus becomes a plus so (-I+L+L)-(-I+L) = L Alternatively:- LXXXXVIIII-XXXXVIIII = L by cancelling out the numerals It's worth noting that the Latin word for IC is 'undecentum' (100-1) and that the Latin word for 49 is 'undequinquaginta' (50-1) Latin was the language spoken by the Romans.
They are both the same because in todays modern notation of Roman numerals the equivalent of 1999 is MCMXCIX which means 1000+900+90+9 = 1999 But the ancient Romans would have probably gone for the simpler version of IMM which means 2000-1 = 1999
4.5 = SV (-0.5+5=4.5) Because: 4.5 = IIIIS which can be simplified to SV And: II*IIIIS = VIIII which can be simplified to IX Roman Numerals: M=1000, D=500, C=100, L=50, X=10, V=5, I=1 and S=1/2
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