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Time
If the two measurements are of the same type, such as length, we could use that ratio to convert from one measurements to another. An example is the ratio of 1.609 Km to 1 mile. Here, we can multiply some number of miles by 1.609 and find the kilometer distance. If the two measurements are of different types, that is often used as a definition of another quantity such as speed. Speed is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled to the amount of time it takes. These two examples are the most common uses when taking the ratio of two measurements, yet there may be a more generalized term or theorem here, but I've not heard of it yet.
conversion factor
None. There are some measurements which, in some people, are approximately equal to the Golden Ratio but those same measurements, for other people, are not.
In a ratio of measurements for the same kinds of units, units get canceled. For example, in a ratio of 3 meters / 8 meters, you can cancel the "meters" in the numerator and the denominator. An important ratio is pi, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. If you measure the circumference in feet, and the diameter in feet, then divide circumference/diameter, then the result is the dimensionless quantity 3.14159265.... If you go back and measure both in meters, you get the same answer.In a ratio of two measurements, the units cancel, so it makes no difference whether you write the units, or not.
rate
Rate
Time
If the two measurements are of the same type, such as length, we could use that ratio to convert from one measurements to another. An example is the ratio of 1.609 Km to 1 mile. Here, we can multiply some number of miles by 1.609 and find the kilometer distance. If the two measurements are of different types, that is often used as a definition of another quantity such as speed. Speed is defined as the ratio of the distance traveled to the amount of time it takes. These two examples are the most common uses when taking the ratio of two measurements, yet there may be a more generalized term or theorem here, but I've not heard of it yet.
If you have two items using different units of measurement, you must first convert to the same type in to percentage. Then, you can compare the ratio, It is called coefficient of variability. For example if you want to compare length with weight of two variables or populations, then first convert the measurements in percentage and then go for comparision.
conversion factor
None. There are some measurements which, in some people, are approximately equal to the Golden Ratio but those same measurements, for other people, are not.
It is the scale ratio or scale factor
In a ratio of measurements for the same kinds of units, units get canceled. For example, in a ratio of 3 meters / 8 meters, you can cancel the "meters" in the numerator and the denominator. An important ratio is pi, which is the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. If you measure the circumference in feet, and the diameter in feet, then divide circumference/diameter, then the result is the dimensionless quantity 3.14159265.... If you go back and measure both in meters, you get the same answer.In a ratio of two measurements, the units cancel, so it makes no difference whether you write the units, or not.
The ratio between two different quantities is the rate.Usually, the second unit is a measure of time.
It can be a conversion factor - though not necessarily. For example, 68 deg Fahrenheit = 20 deg Celsius. But there is no conversion factor for F-to-C: instead there is a linear equation.
You measure the different dimensions and then divide one by the other.