Earnings over an individual's lifetime or times for running a half-marathon over a lifetime
Graph
The best curve for me might not be the best curve for you. It's about personal preference.
Yes, no and maybe are all possible answers. However, you don't give enough details to tell you which one might be applicable to your situation.
The common way is a CURVE, showing a graph of all the grades. In this way, a student can see where they fall in comparison to classmates. To do this, graph all the grades with the Y axis being frequency, and the X axis as a bar chart with each bar being a grade range. Typically, in a large enough sample, you will see a bell-curve form. Of course, with modern grade inflation, the average is going to be much higher, or the curve might become useless as all the students get As.
Number of calories vs. amount of weight gain. Length of a candle vs. time it is burning. Miles driven vs. gallons of gas used.
The phases of a design process that statistics might be most applicable are is the production stage.
Graph
The graph could go on forever while a data table only shows a part of the graph.
It could be a line graph, bar graph, or a pictograph.
Standard curves are used to determine the concentration of substances. First you perform an assay with various known concentrations of a substance you are trying to measure. The response might be optical density, luminescence, fluorescence, radioactivity or something else. Graph these data to make a standard curve - concentration on the X axis, and assay measurement on the Y axis. Also perform the same assay with your unknown samples. You want to know the concentration of the substance in each of these unknown samples. To analyze the data, fit a line or curve through the standards. For each unknown, read across the graph from the spot on the Y-axis that corresponds to the assay measurement of the unknown until you intersect the standard curve. Read down the graph until you intersect the X-axis. The concentration of substance in the unknown sample is the value on the X-axis. In the example below, the unknown sample had 1208 counts per minute, so the concentration of the hormone is 0.236 micromolar. Prism makes it very easy to fit your standard curve, and to read (interpolate) the concentration of unknown samples.
A graph that shows little pictures. If I had a graph about cats I might show cat faces in a picto graph as a form of data, so if there were 10 cats to be displayed in the graph it would be with cat faces and not bars or lines.
A demand curve in the goods market is the set of price values at which a consumer is willing to purchase different quantities of a good. For example, if a candy bar costs $1.20, you might be willing to purchase 3 of them over a specified time period. But if that same candy bar cost $0.50, then you would purchase 5 of them over that same time period. The set of these price, quantity pairs when plotted in 2-dimensional space is called the demand curve for a good. Personal tastes/preferences, income and the prices of close substitute goods are determinants of the shape of a demand curve. A supply curve in the goods market is the set of price values at which a firm (supplier, manufacturer) is willing to produce different quanties of a good. For example, if a candy bar price is $0.75 a firm might be willing to produce 100 candy bars. If the price is $1.10, a firm might be willing to produce 180 candy bars. The set of these price, quantity pairs when plotted in 2-dimensional space is called the supply curve for a good. Cost of inputs and technology level are determinants of the shape of a supply curve.