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If you are refering to Chinese abacus their earliest rudimentary design of abacus has 1/4 rod beads (quite similar to the later Japanese soroban abacus). Various other types of abacus design were also seen afterwards, but the advance type of 2/5 rod beads became standard and classic. Afterwards, the basic 1/5 rod beads particularly became the type of basic design. The Roman abacus may be not connected to the Chinese abacus.
The ancient Chinese also had their own abacus device for calculating purposes
The abacus is ordinarily attributed to the Chinese, but similar counting devices are known in many different ancient cultures. The system of mathematics used with the Indo-Asian abacus is what set it apart.
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Molars
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The type of linkage is backward linkage.This refers to when a business is not directly linked to a firm or business for its raw material.
Geothermal energy is not derived directly or indirectly from solar energy. It comes from heat within the Earth's crust, generated by the decay of radioactive elements and residual heat from the planet's formation.
The answer to the question may lie in the fact that the Chinese classic abacus has two heaven beads and five earth beads along each rod, and thus that makes the difference from other types of abaci. "The Chinese abacus is commonly used for working in decimal, but it may be used as well for hexadecimal numbers. Note that when all beads along a rod are set then the sum of bead values would exactly be equal to 15 or F. Hexadecimal numerals are widely used by computer system designers and programmers because they provide a human-friendly representation of binary-coded values."
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1. The abacus was invented by the ancient Chinese (Not true; see 3 below). Different types of abacuses have been invented by many others such as the Romans and Egyptians. 2. Actually it's often wrongly attributed to china. In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B.C. by the Babylonians. (Sort of; see 3 below) 3. The first constrained bead abacus was the Roman Hand Abacus. The Chinese learned of the Roman Hand Abacus through trade with Rome over the Silk Roads. But they thought it an inferior device and ignored it for over a thousand years. Then an interest in rapid calculation with the rise in business caused them to develop the bamboo rod constrained bead abacus based on the Roman Hand Abacus model. The Romans, in turn, great engineers and copiers that they were, used the Babylonian's line abacus in both decimal and duodecimal modes. The only extant line abacus is The Salamis Tablet, circa 300 BC, but the design was used by the Babylonians and Sumerians as early as 2300 BC. BTW, the line abacus can do all four arithmetic operations on numbers in exponential form with bases of 10, 12, or 60 (decimal, duodecimal, sexagesimal). Pebbles could be used as tokens to represent the numbers. In Latin the word for pebbles is "calculos", from which we get words like calculate and calculus.
You seem to have lost your text book so I am giving you a link where you can study data types, including derived data types.