Number systems have been used since pre-historic times. Basic arithmetic probably preceded human beings: for example when a pack of animals would determine whether their numbers were greater than those of their enemies and so decide whether to attack or escape.
The modern formal number system is based on definitions by Richard Dedekind in the second half of the nineteenth century.
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An example of contemporary use of real number system in business is a mathematician which his/her job is to come up with the next numbers in the number line which still doesn't have an end. So mathematician will use a number line everyday that they work.
Descartes didn't really 'discover' things. He was a philosopher and mathematician. He is known, amongst other things, for developing the cartesian system of co-ordinates (the xy system we usually use for graphs), founding rationalist philosophy, for his work on optics, and for laying the mathematical foundations for the development of the calculus.
Johannes Kepler
The modern number system were first invented by a Muslim mathematician which later converted into current established digits and numbers. Also "Algebra" was invented by a Muslim mathematician Jaaber.
The first mathematician is Arya bhatt.
Leonardo Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician. His so-called Fibonacci number system relates to any number in an infinite series in which each number after 1 is the sum of the two preceding numbers. For example 1,1, 2, 3, 5, 8. This 12th century mathematician was an easy to understand system to more easily work with pi or phi.
Not sure about Fibonicci but the Pisan mathematician, Fibonacci, did discover a pattern sequence which was named after him.
A mathematician.
Mathematician?