The numerical factor of a term is called the "coefficient."
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It is the coefficient of the variable
... is still a term. a term doesn't have to have a variable in it.
It is called the coefficient of the variable
The numerical coefficient of y in 5y is 5. In an algebraic term, the coefficient is the number that is directly multiplied by the variable. In this case, y is being multiplied by 5, making 5 the coefficient of y in the term 5y.
No, the product is a variable and whether or not it is irrational will depend on the value of the variable.