Matrices are used in most scientific fields. They are usually used to represent and manipulate a number of measures simultaneously.
For example, they are used to represent and solve systems of simultaneous equations. In basic mechanics could represent the coordinates of the location of particles or specific locations on a rigid body. Joint probability distributions - for n variables - are represented, using matrices, as surfaces in n+1 dimensional space.
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Only square matrices have inverses.
The singular form of matrices is matrix.
Which one of those matrices is more comfortable to sleep on?
Matrices are tools to solve linear equations. Engineers use matrices in solving electrical problems in circuits using Thevenin's and Norton's theories.
Yes, because otherwise addition and subtraction are not defined.