Yes. The range of r is from -1 to 1. See related link.
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The graph follows a very strong downward trend. Would have helped if you specified which correlation coefficient; there are different types.
The product-moment correlation coefficient or PMCC should have a value between -1 and 1. A positive value shows a positive linear correlation, and a negative value shows a negative linear correlation. At zero, there is no linear correlation, and the correlation becomes stronger as the value moves further from 0.
The correlation can be anything between +1 (strong positive correlation), passing through zero (no correlation), to -1 (strong negative correlation).
False.
Yes, but the relationship need not be causal.