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There are a couple differences, but in equations, they are often used interchangeably. In geometry, you have to use transitive if you have congruence statements because you are not talking about measures of angles or lengths of segments, you are talking about the set of points that makes up those objects. They are congruent, not equal. Substitution is used for values or variable that represent numbers (like AB means the length of segment AB, but AB with the bar over it means segment AB, the points that make up AB).

Also, you couldn't use transitive for something like this, it's just substitution:

If x+y = z and x = 30, then 30+y = z

I like to think of applying transitive when I have a "link" that connects the two equations or congruencies to each other. For example, If A = 40 and A = X+Y, then 40=X+Y. The two quantities are linked by A. Of course, substitution applies there too

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Q: How are transitive property and substitution property different?
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