In one way, it's just common sense, but there are several phrases you need to be familiar with.
For example,
"5 less x" becomes 5-x.
"5 less than x" becomes x-5.
"5 is less than x" becomes 5<x.
"5 minus x" is 5-x, but
"5 subtracted from x" is x-5.
"5 diminished by x" is 5-x.
A good algebra book should have a list of 20 or so examples like this.
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The differnce between a verbal model and a algebraic model is that a verbal model is an equation written in words and a algebraic model is solving the equation from the verbal model.
The equation 5x plus 7 times 18 is know as a verbal sentence. This is a math problem.
2<x-9
Well, it depends on what type of equation you have...... Say its something like this: n - 3 ....and you were asked to write a verbal expression, it could be one of many: a number minus three or three subtracted from a number....and so on. They are basically just word/sentence forms of the equation itself.
The verbal expression that represents the algebraic expression 2x-8 is "twice a number decreased by 8." In this expression, "2x" represents twice the value of a variable "x," and "-8" indicates that 8 is being subtracted from that value. Therefore, "twice a number decreased by 8" accurately describes the algebraic expression 2x-8.