The same way that factoring a number is different from multiplying two factors. In general, it is much easier to multiply two factors together, than to find factors that give a certain product.
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It's the difference between multiplication and division. Multiplying binomials is combining them. Factoring polynomials is breaking them apart.
Try all the factoring techniques that you have been taught. If none work then it is prime (cannot be factored), try looking for (1) a greatest common factor (2) special binomials ... difference of squares, difference (or sum) of cubes (3) trinomal factoring techniques (4) other polymonials look for grouping techniques.
It means finding numbers (constant terms), or polynomials of the same or smaller order that multiply together to give the original polynomial.
An expression that completely divides a given polynomial without leaving a remainder is called a factor of the polynomial. This means that when the polynomial is divided by the factor, the result is another polynomial with no remainder. Factors of a polynomial can be found by using methods such as long division, synthetic division, or factoring techniques like grouping, GCF (greatest common factor), or special patterns.
Factoring involves 'factoring out' the common numbers for each term. In a simple general form, a + ab = a(1+b). It's like "undistributing" factors: instead of multiplying both terms by a number, you essentially divide both terms by a number. In (7x + 49), both terms - 7x and 49 - have 7 as a factor. So, it can also be written: 7x + 49 = 7(x+7)