It's the difference between multiplication and division. Multiplying binomials is combining them. Factoring polynomials is breaking them apart.
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The same way that factoring a number is different from multiplying two factors. In general, it is much easier to multiply two factors together, than to find factors that give a certain product.
Try all the factoring techniques that you have been taught. If none work then it is prime (cannot be factored), try looking for (1) a greatest common factor (2) special binomials ... difference of squares, difference (or sum) of cubes (3) trinomal factoring techniques (4) other polymonials look for grouping techniques.
(3k - 2)(3k - 2) or (3k - 2)2
It means finding numbers (constant terms), or polynomials of the same or smaller order that multiply together to give the original polynomial.
Yes, simply treat the middle coefficient as 0.