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What are the initial conditions for voltage across the capacitor and current through the inductor in the dc steady state?

The initial condition is the voltage and/or current existing at the time a mathematical solution begins. Example: what happens when a resistor is connected across a capacitor? well, you say that at t=0 the resistor is connected, then after that the voltage across the capacitor is v0.exp(-t/RC), where v0 is the starting voltage, t is the time, R is the resistance and C is the capacitance. This simple solution needs only one initial condition which is the starting voltage v0 across the capacitor. Linear differential equations are common in electrical engineering and a complete solution of one (such as the example) always requires one or more initial conditions.


Is inductor linear or non linear?

non linear


Constant current generation of linear sweep voltage using op-amp?

When using the Op-amp we get constant current generation of the linear sweep voltage.


What is the relationship between voltage and current as shown in the graph of voltage vs current?

In the graph of voltage vs current, the relationship between voltage and current is linear. This means that as voltage increases, current also increases proportionally.


Explain the function of the capacitor and inductor in a power supply?

A capacitor resists a change in voltage (dv/dt = i/c). An inductor resists a change in current (dl/dt = vl). Together, a capacitor and inductor make a tuned circuit. Usually, in a linear power supply, there is a capacitor in parallel with an inductor in series, and often, in a pi filter, another capacitor in parallel. This reduces the peak to peak voltage at the output. It is also possible to put an inductor in series with the rectifier diode, as as to reduce inrush current. In a switching power supply, things are a little bit different. The primary inductor is a current pump, maintaining constant current flow to the load, controlled by the pulse-width oscillator which switches between on-current from source and off-current from schottky diode. The capacitor in this case filters the output, so as to reduce high frequency harmonics.


What is an inductor and its current rating?

An inductor is an electrical component, usually a coil, designed to offer a specific value of inductance (measured in henrys). As the operating current of an inductor affects its inductance its inductance value (inductors are not linear devices, due to their hysteresis characteristics) is normally expressed for a specific range of operating currents.


Why does a ac voltage applied across a load resistance produce alternating current in the circuit?

Because V = I x R or Voltage = Current x Resistance. Since resistance is linear there is a linear relationship between Current and voltage. If you have DC voltage you have DC current and if you have AC Voltage you have AC current. Note that there is a linguistic recognition of this relationship in that the voltage is described in terms of the current.


Is it possible to heat coil using dc power supply?

Yes, it possible to heat a coil using dc power supply. An inductor resists a change in current, proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to inductance. The equation of an inductor is di/dt = v/L An ideal inductor, if connected to an ideal DC supply, with ideal conductors, would ramp up current in a linear fashion without limit, eventually reaching infinity amperes after infinite time. Since no inductor is ideal, nor is any DC supply, nor is any conductor, the current would reach a maximum based on the capacity of the DC supply and the DC resistance of the inductor and conductors. Since the DC resistance of the inductor is also not zero, this means, by Ohm's law, that the inductor must dissipate some power. That will cause the inductor to heat up.


What does the current vs voltage graph reveal about the relationship between current and voltage in the given circuit?

The current vs voltage graph shows that there is a linear relationship between current and voltage in the given circuit. This means that as voltage increases, the current also increases proportionally.


Does voltage versus current indicate a linear relationship?

Yes, provided the resistance is constant. If the resistance varies with current, then you have a non-linear circuit


Detail of switched mode power supply?

A switched mode (or switching) power supply is one that uses pulse-width modulation technology, rather than linear technology, to provide the voltage required to a load. Often, it requires no power transformer, nor is a great deal of power developed across the power supply, which reduces size, cost, and heat. It works by the fact that inductors resist a change in current. There is a high voltage power supply, often 160VDC running directly off the AC line. A transistor or other switching device supplies power to an inductor, which is in series with the load. There is also a Schottky diode from the input side of the inductor to ground. When the transistor is on, voltage is supplied to the inductor, which supplies current to the load. When the transistor is off, back voltage from the inductor is shunted to ground through the diode, and the inductor continues to supply current to the load. A pulse-width modulator monitors the load voltage, and adjusts the transistor on time at a high frequency. The average current flow, and thus the average load voltage, remain constant. Since the transistor turns on hard - it is in saturation - very little voltage drop is across it. As a result, very little power is developed, resulting in less overall heat.


What is the shape of graph of voltage versus current for an ohmic material?

Linear.