If you have letters together, like xy +2, it means you multiply
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it means you're multiplying them.
variables
Lots of letters and numbers
Unknowns are represented by letters
it is easier to substitute them for letters because if we used numbers then constants (numbers in algebra that don't have letters) would get mixed up with the algebraic letters. also makes things easier to read and to understand. also, if you don't have all the information, you can use letters to represent what you don't know