penny, nickel, dime, quarter.
That wasn't so difficult now, was it?
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Set three balls aside. Divide the remaining 6 balls into 2 groups of 3 and weigh them. If the groups weigh the same, the lightest ball must be in the group you set aside. Otherwise, the lightest ball is in the group that weighed less. Take the group of thee that remains and set aside one ball. Weigh the other two. If the two balls weigh the same, the lightest ball must be the one you set aside. Otherwise, the lightest ball is the one that weighed less.
That can vary a lot, depending on the thickness of the cardboard, as well as its consistency (it may be more or less densely packed).
fruit cup pudding cup jello cup medicine dropper
One situation is when shopping for grocery items ... things will be priced using the decimal system: Tomato's, $1.59 per pound. Knowing that 1.59 is less than 1.75 could be beneficial.
Transitivity can be applied to relations between objects or sets - not to the sets themselves. For example, the relation "less-than" for real numbers, or the relation "is a subset of" for subsets, are both transitive. So is equality.