The extreme point is called a vertex.
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The extreme point it the highest or lowest point of the parabola (depending if it is concave downwards or upwards). It is the point of the parabola tat is closest to the focus. the extreme point lies on the axis of symmetry.
focus
All of the points on a parabola define a parabola. However, the vertex is the point in which the y value is only used for one point on the parabola.
"From the geometric point of view, the given point is the focus of the parabola and the given line is its directrix. It can be shown that the line of symmetry of the parabola is the line perpendicular to the directrix through the focus. The vertex of the parabola is the point of the parabola that is closest to both the focus and directrix."-http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/parabola.htm"A line perpendicular to the axis of symmetry used in the definition of a parabola. A parabola is defined as follows: For a given point, called the focus, and a given line not through the focus, called the directrix, a parabola is the locus, or set of points, such that the distance to the focus equals the distance to the directrix."-http://www.mathwords.com/d/directrix_parabola.htm
Vertex