It depends on the language. In most languages, it's to indicate that the a should NOT be combined with the adjacent vowel, but pronounced in a separate syllable.
In German, however, it changes the sound of the vowel itself. (Specifically, on the letter a, it means it should be pronounced as "ay" instead of the usual "ah".)
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A colon consists of two dots, one directly over the other, and it looks exactly like this :
In linguistics, diaeresis, diæresis or dieresis, is the pronunciation of two adjacent vowels in two separate syllables rather than as a diphthong or vowel digraph, and also the name of the diacritic mark ( ¨ ) used to prompt the reader to pronounce adjacent vowels in this manner. For example the first two vowels in the word cooperate, which can be spelt co-operate or, using the diaeresis, coöperate.
I assume you mean no repetition to be ABC and not ABA OR AAB. That being said this is very straight forward. The first position can potentially have any of the 26 letters. the second position can only have 1 of 25 possible letters because one letter has already be selected for the first position. And the final position can only have 1 of 24 possible letters because two letters have already been selected for the first two positions. Just multiply the number of possibilities for each position together and you have your answer. 26 * 25 * 24 = 15600 possible combinations.
"Letters" are the 26 marks from 'A' through 'Z'. (A, B, C, D, E, . . . and so forth.) "Numbers" are the 10 marks from '0' through '9'. (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . and so forth.) When you choose your password, you're supposed to put two of the first kind of marks, or two of the second kind of marks, in the password.
An atom is the basic unit of any chemical element, and each chemical element is represented by two letters. The first of these two letters is always capital, and the second is always lowercase. Thus only one capital can be used to describe an atom of an element.