Nothing happens. It simply means that there is no linear relationship between the two variables. It is possible that there is a non-linear relationship or that there is none.
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The product-moment correlation coefficient or PMCC should have a value between -1 and 1. A positive value shows a positive linear correlation, and a negative value shows a negative linear correlation. At zero, there is no linear correlation, and the correlation becomes stronger as the value moves further from 0.
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(a) Correlation coefficient is the geometric mean between the regression coefficients. (b) If one of the regression coefficients is greater than unity, the other must be less than unity. (c) Arithmetic mean of the regression coefficients is greater than the correlation coefficient r, provided r > 0. (d) Regression coefficients are independent of the changes of origin but not of scale.
You calculate a correlation coefficient and test to see if it is statistically different from 0.