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The variable which is controlled.

On a graph, the independent variable is on the x-axis (horizontal) and the dependent variable is on the y-axis (vertical).

When we choose a value of x, the value of y depends on the x-value we chose.

For instance, if we record the temperature every hour, time is the independent variable because we control the values. The temperature (which is measured) is the dependent variable because it depends on the time.

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Q: What is an independent variable in algebra?
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