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Any variable can be declared as the independent variable, then the other would be the dependent variable. However, it is quite common to arbitrarily define y as the dependent variable - a variable that depends on x.
Domain is used to refer to the x (or the independent variable).
A variable in algebra is an unknown quantity as for example in the term 5y the variable is y
The independent variable.
the dependent variable changes with the independent variable. the independent variable only changes when changed by the experimenter. Time is usually an independent variable.