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Collection of all output values?
range
The collection of all input values of a function?
it is called the Domain......
What could you use to find the nth term of a simple interest sequence?
All the terms are the same. If Y is the amount and r the percentage then the nth term is Y*r/100 for all n.
Does the set of all sets other than the empty set include the empty set?
The collection of all sets minus the empty set is not a set (it is too big to be a set) but instead a proper class. See Russell's paradox for why it would be problematic to consider this a set. According to axioms of standard ZFC set theory, not every intuitive "collection" of sets is a set; we must proceed carefully when reasoning about what is a set according to ZFC.
Difference betweenDisjoint sets and pairwise disjoint sets?
Assuming that, by 'disjoint', you mean that a collection of sets has an empty intersection, here is the difference between pairwise disjoint and 'disjoint': If a collection of sets is pairwise disjoint, it implies that the collection is 'disjoint': If no two sets overlap, then no k sets would overlap for any k, since this would require the overlap of at least two sets i.e. you know for sure that k things aren't in contact at a common point if you know that no two of them are in contact with each other. However, if a collection of sets is 'disjoint' (so the overall intersection is empty), it doesn't mean that the collection is pairwise disjoint. For instance, you could have a collection of 4 sets containing two overlapping pairs, where no set in one pair overlaps with a set in the other. So the intersection of the whole thing would be empty without pairwise disjointness. You could have a few things in contact with each other without all of them sharing a point of contact.
