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Hermitian matrix defined:If a square matrix, A, is equal to its conjugate transpose, A†, then A is a Hermitian matrix.Notes:1. The main diagonal elements of a Hermitian matrix must be real.2. The cross elements of a Hermitian matrix are complex numbers having equal real part values, and equal-in-magnitude-but-opposite-in-sign imaginary parts.
Skew-Hermitian matrix defined:If the conjugate transpose, A†, of a square matrix, A, is equal to its negative, -A, then A is a skew-Hermitian matrix.Notes:1. The main diagonal elements of a skew-Hermitian matrix must be purely imaginary, including zero.2. The cross elements of a skew-Hermitian matrix are complex numbers having equal imaginary part values, and equal-in-magnitude-but-opposite-in-sign real parts.
Absolutely not. They are rather quite different: hermitian matrices usually change the norm of vector while unitary ones do not (you can convince yourself by taking the spectral decomposition: eigenvalues of unitary operators are phase factors while an hermitian matrix has real numbers as eigenvalues so they modify the norm of vectors). So unitary matrices are good "maps" whiule hermitian ones are not. If you think about it a little bit you will be able to demonstrate the following: for every Hilbert space except C^2 a unitary matrix cannot be hermitian and vice versa. For the particular case H=C^2 this is not true (e.g. Pauli matrices are hermitian and unitary).
An idempotent matrix is a matrix which gives the same matrix if we multiply with the same. in simple words,square of the matrix is equal to the same matrix. if M is our matrix,then MM=M. then M is a idempotent matrix.
Reduced matrix is a matrix where the elements of the matrix is reduced by eliminating the elements in the row which its aim is to make an identity matrix.