line of best fit
Invariants are points that remain the same under certain transformations. You could plug the points into your transformation and note that what does in is the same as what comes out. The details depend on the transformation.
x comes first. (x,y)
You can determine if a rate of change is constant, by taking the instantaneous rate of change at multiple points - if they are all equal to each other, it can be assumed that the rate of change is constant. Alternatively, you can differentiate the function (if there is an associated function) - if this comes to a constant i.e. a number, then the rate of change is constant.
X comes first :)
First comes multiply then comes divide.
Line of best fit
"Line of best fit"
The line that comes closest can go through the point and so it is simply a line through the point. Given one or two points you can always draw a straight line that goes through them. The issue becomes more interesting when you have three or more points. You need to make some assumptions regarding the shape of the line: is it a straight line, a quadratic curve, an exponential growth or decay, something else. Next you need to decide what measure you wish to minimise: the absolute vertical distances between the line and the points, the absolute horizontal distances or the absolute perpendicular distances. Or would you rather work with squared distances? Each one of these choices will give rise to a different line and the line that minimises the chosen measure may not pass through a single point. So, a line that comes closest to the point may not be a particularly "good" line. A "good" line is called a "line of best fit". The most popular measure for minimising is the square of the vertical distance between the line and the point and the resulting line is called the "least squares regression line".
Is a wriggly curve that goes through each one of them.
They reflect and scatter visible light that comes from an external source.
Cheese
The Grinch
None, but the owl comes closest.
The closest European country to the North Pole is Norway.
Points on a snowflake.
Yes, it comes with 1,000 points.
The one that comes closest would probably be "omnipotence"