Qualitative data is usually the quality of data. for instance, saying a painting has a mixture blues and greens and has a gold frame. that's what you can observe.
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Qualitative data include descriptive information that cannot be easily quantified. Examples include observations, interviews, open-ended survey responses, and focus group discussions. Qualitative data provide insights into attitudes, beliefs, motivations, and behaviors.
An ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves studying a culture or group of people through participant observation, interviews, and detailed fieldwork. It focuses on understanding the social and cultural aspects of a particular group, rather than collecting numerical data for statistical analysis.
The procedure of social research typically involves identifying a research question, conducting a literature review, developing a research design, collecting data (quantitative or qualitative), analyzing the data, interpreting the results, and communicating findings through a research report or publication. It also involves ethical considerations such as obtaining informed consent from participants and maintaining confidentiality.
Advantages: Provides insights into different cultures and societies, helps understand human behavior and social interactions, enables cross-cultural comparisons. Disadvantages: Can be subjective and biased, relies on qualitative data which may be difficult to generalize, may raise ethical concerns especially when studying vulnerable populations.
The opposite of ethnography could be considered as "quantitative research" or "experimentation." Ethnography involves qualitative methods focused on describing and interpreting cultures, while quantitative research uses numerical data and statistical analysis to draw conclusions. Experimentation involves controlled studies to test hypotheses and establish causation, which differs from the observational and descriptive nature of ethnography.
Pros of fieldwork in anthropology include gaining firsthand experience and understanding of culture, establishing close relationships with the community studied, and collecting rich qualitative data. Cons can include challenges with access and permission, possible biases in data collection, and potential ethical considerations in working with communities.