Rene Descartes invented the Cartesian coordinate system and the idea of the x-y axis. He used the coordinate system to express equations and formulas visually through slopes and lines. He created a slope for the equation, rather than the equation for a slope.
Chat with our AI personalities
Rene Descartes was important even dubbed "the father of modern philosophy", but it was Jaque Chirac who coined the term.
They both contributed to the Scientific method. Francis Bacon did this to make sure that they did not having false thoughts/teachings. Descartes said to gain knowledge to follow those steps. They helped create a new approach to science. Over time, people started calling this new approach the scientific method.
erosion is when the rock or soil falls and make a slope
Rene Lalique was the world's most celebrated jeweler at the end of the 19th century, and the world's greatest glass maker during the first half of the 20th century. He brought glass into the home of everyday people as art. He also developed industrial production techniques to improve glass, both from an artistic standpoint and a cost standpoint. He is also famous for his unique artistic achievements with glass from one of a kind vases and works of art, to architectural commission around the world. For a complete biography of Rene Lalique, the best source is the biography at RLalique.com (see link below), where you can also see an incredible variety of his works, and get information on all of the artistic output of this great French artist and industrialist. RLalique.com also has the world's most extensive library of reference material for sale about Rene Lalique and related topics, which contains around 1000 different volumes.
{| |- | 2-33 (a) Cost of goods sold: Carpenter labor to make shelves $ 600,000 Wood to make the shelves $ 450,000 Depreciation on carpentry equipment $ 50,000 Miscellaneous fixed manufacturing overhead (support) $ 150,000 Rent for the building where the shelves are made $ 300,000 Miscellaneous variable manufacturing overhead (support) $ 350,000 Total $1,900,000 Selling and Administrative Costs Sales staff salaries $ 80,000 Office and showroom rental expenses $ 150,000 Advertising $ 200,000 Sales commissions based on number of units sold $ 180,000 Depreciation for office equipment $ 10,000 Total $ 620,000 Sales $3,500,000 Cost of goods sold $1,900,000 Gross margin $1,600,000 Selling and administrative expenses $ 620,000 Net income before taxes, etc. $ 980,000 (b) The following items are variable costs: Carpenter labor to make shelves $ 600,000 Wood to make the shelves $ 450,000 Sales commissions based on number of units sold $ 180,000 Miscellaneous variable manufacturing overhead (support) $ 350,000 Total variable costs $1,580,000 The variable costs per unit are: Sales $ 3,500,000 Total variable costs $ 1,580,000 % of sales 45.1429% Unit sale price $ 70.00 Variable cost per unit $ 31.60 Unit contribution margin $ 38.40 The following items are fixed costs: Sales staff salaries $ 80,000 Office and showroom rental expenses $ 150,000 Depreciation on carpentry equipment $ 50,000 Advertising $ 200,000 Miscellaneous fixed manufacturing overhead (support) $ 150,000 Rent for the building where the shelves are made $ 300,000 Depreciation for office equipment $ 10,000 Total fixed costs $ 940,000 The number of units sold to earn a pre-tax profit of $500,000 is Unit contributin margin $ 38.40 Fixed costs $ 940,000 Pre-tax profit target $ 500,000 Breakeven 37,500 |}
I'm not sure that Descartes invented scientific notation. No offense: Descartes was a brilliant and important figure, but this is hardly the achievement to remember him for.Descartes did introduce the modern notation for exponentiation (7x3 for example) in his Geometrie, published in 1637. I think we make a bigger deal of this notational innovation than it really is: the concept of exponentiation was alive and well already, and other mathematicians used notation remarkably close to this (Hume would have written 7xiii for example).The idea that very large or very small numbers need special notation certainly did not begin or end with Descartes. We are constantly finding new ways to write inconveniently scaled numbers: $3B rather than $3 x 109 or $3,000,000,000 or 4GB rather than 4,294,967,296 bytes. If you've ever heard someone say something like "the mass of the sun in kilograms is 2 followed by 30 zeros," that person has had the same basic idea.As to your question "why" we have scientific notation (or any of these other ways to deal with inconveniently scaled numbers), I think there are two reasons:1. It helps us deal with the scale of these numbers better. What I mean by this is that 2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Kg is really hard to read or say, while 2.0 x 1030Kg is more manageable. When we do computation with these numbers (for example, dividing a kilogram of water by the mass of a single water molecule to get the number of molecules), scientific notation is especially convenient.2. It reminds us that only the first few digits actually mean anything. That figure up there for 4GB is a good illustration: we don't usually care about the *exact* number of bytes, we just care whether the memory in our computer 1GB, 2GB, or 4GB. In physical measurements typically used in science or engineering, we simply can't measure precisely enough that the *exact* number matters. That's why 2 x 1030Kg means something different than 2.0 x 1030Kg (the difference tells me something about how good the measurement is).