Remember both 16 & 25 are squared numbers.
16 = 4^2 & 25 = 5^2
Hence we can write
(4x)^2 - (5y)^2
Remember two squared terms with a NEGATIVE Between them will factor.
( 4x - 5y)(4x + 5y)
Note the difference signs.
NNB Two squared terms with a positive (+) between them DOES NOT factor.
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(4x+1)(4x-3)
The GCF is 8x.
2x(8x-7)
(4x + 3y)(4x + 3y) or (4x + 3y)2
4x3 + 16x2 - 180x = 4x(x2 + 4x - 45) = 4x(x + 9)(x - 5)