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I assume you have two (or more) points in time and you want a measure of the percentage increase in incidents between them.

Step 1: For the first period calculate the incidence ratewhich is the number of incidents per head of population (or average population if the population changed during the first period). If it is a rare event you may have to look at incidence per thousand or million but that is just playing with the decimal point.

Step 2: Calculate the incidence rate for the second period.

Step 3: Calculate the percentage change in the incidence rate - not incidents.

That would be 100*(I2 - I1)/I1.

An alternative would be to calulate the incidents as a percentage of the population for period 1. This is 100*Incidents/Population. Calculate the percentage of incidents for period 2 similarly. In both cases, if the population varies during the period (not between the periods), then use the average population. Then the increase in incidents is (p2 - p1) percentage points. It is critically important that the result is presented as an increases in percentage points and not simply a percentage increase.

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Q: How do you calculate percentage increase of incidents as the number of the poplulation grows too?
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