In tonal harmony, or rather in most genres of popular music, most of which happen to be tonal, people grow up listening to, then writing, then listening again to what you may call "tertial" harmony: chords built of superimposed thirds from a given fundamental or "root".
Now, some books (some Berklee textbooks included), present variations on these structures, but for the most part they suggest you use them as "reductions", implications, or plain ol' voicings that, in a tonal context, will function as the chords they are supposed to imply.
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It has been determined that the wait-time for computer support is normally distributed with a mean of 30 minutes and a standard deviation of 5 min. If 100 people call, how many would you expect to wait more than 30 min? (use logic here)
The standard deviation of a single number, as in this question, is 0.
no
Direct, without deviation.
Rank them from highest to lowest. The lowest 25 percent of them represent the bottom quartile. Let's say you have the following data set: 1, 8, 2, 7, 3, 6, 4, 5 Rank them thus: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Twenty-five percent of eight (the number of data points) is two. Therefore, the bottom two data points (1 and 2) represent the bottom quartile.