"Factor" is normally applied to multiplication and division, not addition and subtraction, but the analogues in addition would be the numbers being added.
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125 is a composite number because it has more than two factors. Its factors are 1, 5, 25, and 125.125 is divisible by 5 in addition to 1 and itself. It is a composite number.125 is a composite number. In addition to 1 and itself, it is divisible by 5.
12 is a composite number. Its factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12. 4 is also a composite number. Its factors are 1, 2, and 4. Any number that has factors in addition to 1 and itself is a composite number.
51 is not a prime number because it can be divided by 3 and 17 in addition to 1 and itself.
391 is a composite number. 391 = 17 * 23 A prime number is a whole number that only has two factors which are itself and one. A composite number has factors in addition to one and itself.
Multiplication is repeated addition. 3 x 3 = 3 added three times.