Let's begin by assuming you have a direct ratio. 2 apples cost 45 cents. The constant of proportionality will be the apples per cent, or 2/45.
Now, let's say you have an indirect proportionality. When x=6, y=10. Also, when x=5, y=12. Here, the C.O.P. is the total product of the numbers, so 6*10=60 and 5*12=60, which is no coincidence. The COP would be 60.
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It means that the force of electrical attraction (or repulsion) between two particles with units charges will be greater than the gravitational attraction between two particles with unit mass which are the same distance apart.
Any letter of the alphabet - or indeed other alphabets - can be used. The letters c and k are the more common symbols because they represent the phonetic start of "constant".Variables are often represented by the initial letter of the variable: v for velocity, t for time, m for mass and so on, or by letters at either end of the alphabet: a, b, c or x, y, z. Clearly, it can be confusing to use any of these as the constant of proportionality. So, through convention, k was selected as the default symbol.
A [real] constant.
C.
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