90xy3 = 2 * 32 * 5 * x * y3
12xy = 22 * 3 * x * y
To find the GCF, you find the highest amounts of each prime factor (2,3,5) and variable (x,y) that are common to both. In this case, one 2, one 3, one x and one y are common.
Then multiply these together:
2 * 3 * x * y = 6xy
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4xy
12xy(3y - 4x)
The GCF is 3x.
To square a number or an entire segment with variables, parenthesize the particular section and write a square power outside. In this case, it is (12xy)^2. In expanded form, it is 144 . x^2 . y^2 .