It requires an understanding of imaginary numbers, specifically, the square root of negative one, which is abbreviated as i.
a^2 - b^2 = (a - b)(a + b)
a^2 + b^2 = (a - bi)(a + bi)
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This is a difference of two square, so you can apply the factoring rule for the difference of two squares.
The difference.
It is a factor of 32, which means it is one of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. The perfect squares among the factors of 32 are 4 and 16. Of those two, the only one with a sum of digits that is odd is 16.
Binomials are algebraic expressions of the sum or difference of two terms. Some binomials can be broken down into factors. One example of this is the "difference between two squares" where the binomial a2 - b2 can be factored into (a - b)(a + b)
4.