The factors of all numbers can be written in pairs. With square numbers, one of those pairs is the same number twice. When listed singly, square numbers have an odd number of factors. All others are even.
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No. Perfect square numbers have an odd number of factors.
1 and 2 are factors of all even numbers.
All square numbers have an odd number of factors.
Every square number (except 1) is composite. Prime numbers only have two factors, one and the numbers themselves. Since square numbers also have at least the square roots as factors, they have to be composite.
All of the factors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12. Therefore, the even factors must be 2,4,6,12.