Suppose p/q and r/s are rational numbers where p, q, r and s are integers and q, s are non-zero.Then p/q + r/s = ps/qs + qr/qs = (ps + qr)/qs.
Since p, q, r, s are integers, then ps and qr are integers, and therefore (ps + qr) is an integer.
q and s are non-zero integers and so qs is a non-zero integer.
Consequently, (ps + qr)/qs is a ratio of two integers in which the denominator is non-zero. That is, the sum is rational.
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Yes.
It is always rational.
Never.
No - the sum of any two rational numbers is still rational:
Yes, Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as a fraction. Irrational numbers cannot be expressed as a fraction.