The mathematical theory of stochastic integrals, i.e. integrals where the integrator function is over the path of a stochastic, or random, process. Brownian motion is the classical example of a stochastic process. It is widely used to model the prices of financial assets and is at the basis of Black and Scholes' theory of option pricing.
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A stochastic error indicates an error that is random between measurements. Stochastics typically occur through the sum of many random errors.
There are several meanings to the word 'calculus.' The plural for calculus is 'calculi.' There is no plural for the calculus we use in mathematics.
My Calculus class is in third period. Calculus is a noun
Im still taking Integral Calculus now, but for me, if you dont know Differential Calculus you will not know Integral Calculus, because Integral Calculus need Differential. So, as an answer to that question, ITS FAIR
there was no sure answer about who started calculus but it was Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz who founded calculus because of their fundamental theorem of calculus.