Assuming that the INNER DIAMETER of the PVC pipe is 4" (...likely not the case, so you'll need to recalculate for your pipe's dimensions):
the volume of the pipe would be calculated as follows:
4" diameter = 2" radius
volume_cylinder = Pi*r^2*L; where r = 2" and L = 12"
the cylinder therefore has a capacity of 150.8 cubic inches.
a gallon of water has the volume of 231 cubic inches.
your pipe can hold 0.653 gallons of water.
you'll need about 18.38 inch lengths of 4" PVC to hold each gallon of water. again, these calculations rely on the INNER DIAMETER of the pipe being measured at 4" - if this is an outer diameter measurement, the above calculation for the capacity is OVERstated; the 18.38" calculation is UNDERstated.
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