log is short for logarithm
log(base a)x=y is the same as saying a^y=x
Normal log is base 10. So if you see log with no subscript after it, it is log base 10.
So when you press the log button on your calculator and put a number after it you are asking 10 to what power =100? And 10 to the second power = 100 so you will get an answer of 2.
A log (base 5)625 you would be asking, 5 to what power is equal to 625? The answer is 4 because 5^4=625
Logarithms are used to simplfy complex calculations. The Richter scale for measuring earth quakes is expressed in the form of a logarithm. A increase of 1 on the scale means an increase of 10 times.
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