The average SAT score for most colleges is 1,538, top schools like a score of 2,100 or more. I have a related link listed below that has some helpful test sources, to assist with increasing test scores.
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It is impossible to determine the percentiles if you are given only the sample mean since percentiles are a measure of the spread of the data; the mean gives no information on that.
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Free sample SAT questions: http://www.universitylanguage.com/quiz/SAT/
One can find information about SAT words from a variety of places. One of the main places to find this information is from the official College Board SAT website.
pie chart graph
One can find information about SAT testing in primary school from the Collegeboard website. One can also find information about SAT testing from Princeton Review.
Percentiles or parts of a whole.
You need to use a table of standard scores.
Yes.
Ranking of data allows calculation of ranges and percentiles. Quick estimation of correlation coefficient is possible (Spearman's method). Certain graphical displays of data, such as box and whiskers plots use percentiles.