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In a cluster sample, researchers divide subjects into strata (like cities, for example), randomly select a few strata (draw the names of a few cities from a hat) and sample every subject in those strata (question everyone in that city.)

A significant disadvantage is that you may select strata that completely overlook a feature relevant to your study.

If your study polled "What is the importance of agriculture to our country's economy?" and you questioned people from New York, Chicago, Detroit, and Los Angeles, your data may be bias because it does not include opinion from more rural areas.

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Q: What are limitations in using cluster sampling technique?
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How do multistage sampling applies to real life situation?

Multistage sampling is a form of cluster sampling where instead of using the entire cluster, random samples from each cluster are used. This is typically used when doing opinion polls or surveys.


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At the Brother in Parhump NV.


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Two-phase sampling involves selecting initial units from a population through one sampling technique and subsequently selecting final units from the initially drawn units using a different sampling technique. Double sampling, on the other hand, involves selecting two independent samples from the same population, where the second sample is used to check the results of the first sample and make adjustments if needed.


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No, sampling techniques differ for solid, liquid, and gas samples. For solids, techniques like grab sampling or core sampling are commonly used. Liquids can be sampled using methods like grab sampling, pump sampling, or composite sampling. Gases are typically sampled using techniques like grab sampling, passive sampling, or active sampling using pumps or sorbent tubes.


How can data be collected if independent samples are to be obtained?

Data can be collected for independent samples by randomly selecting individual units or cases from the population of interest. This can be done using random sampling techniques such as simple random sampling, stratified sampling, or cluster sampling. By ensuring that each sample is selected independently of the others, we can maintain the assumption of independence among the samples in the data analysis.


What type of research technique does a sociologist ensure that data are statistically representative of the population being studied?

A sociologist can ensure that their data are statistically representative of the population being studied by using random sampling techniques. This involves selecting a sample of participants from the population in a way that gives each member an equal chance of being chosen. By using random sampling, sociologists can generalize their findings to the larger population with more confidence.


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Determining the ideal sample size in cluster sampling involves several factors. Here's a breakdown of the key considerations: Factors Affecting Sample Size: Desired Precision: The level of accuracy you want in your results. Higher precision requires a larger sample size. Intra-Cluster Correlation (ICC): This measures how similar units within a cluster are compared to units from different clusters. A higher ICC means you need a larger sample size to account for the clustering effect. Cluster Size: The average number of units within each cluster. Smaller cluster sizes typically require a larger number of clusters to achieve the same level of precision. Confidence Level: The level of certainty you want in your findings. A higher confidence level (e.g., 95% vs. 90%) typically necessitates a larger sample size. Calculating Sample Size: Unfortunately, there's no one-size-fits-all formula for sample size in cluster sampling. However, there are statistical software programs and online calculators that can help you determine the appropriate sample size based on the factors mentioned above. Here are some resources that can be helpful: Sample Size Calculators: Guides on Cluster Sampling and Sample Size: Additional Tips: Pilot Study: Consider conducting a pilot study on a smaller sample to estimate the ICC and refine your sample size calculations. Software or Statistical Help: If you're not comfortable with statistical calculations, consider using specialized software or consulting a statistician for assistance in determining the optimal sample size for your cluster sampling design.


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